Who Wrote the Quran: The Compilation of the Divine Text
The collection of the Quran refers to gathering the Quranic text, whether through memorization or writing. Compilation of the Qur’an refers to arranging it in the form of a book. The history of these various stages is both interesting and informative, and it is important for students of the Quran to understand it. This knowledge helps one remain aware of who wrote the Quran and how it has passed through different periods and reached us in its most preserved form.
Who Wrote the Quran and Who Compiled It
Imam Hakim mentions in his book Mustadrak, “The Quran was written and compiled in three stages
- During the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH)
- During the caliphate of Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA)
- During the caliphate of Uthman (RA).
First Stage: The Collection of the Quran during the Prophetic Era
The Prophet (PBUH) gave two instructions for the collection and preservation of the Quran:
- It should be memorized.
- It should be written down.
1. Memorizing of the Quran
From the very beginning of the revelation, the Prophet (PBUH) began memorizing the Quran. Every year, He (PBUH) would review the revealed portions of the Quran with Angel Jibreel in a systematic manner. The Companions of the Prophet (PBUH) also possessed an astonishing memory, through which they also memorized the Quran revealed over 23 years to their hearts.
2. Writing of the Quran
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also ensured the documentation of the Quran. After the revelation, the Prophet would instruct his companions, who wrote the Quran, according to the guidance of Angel Jibreel, to place and write the revealed verses at specific places within particular surahs. In this manner, the Prophet (PBUH) meticulously arranged and preserved every letter, verse, and surah of the Quran through written manuscripts. Regarding this writing, Sayyidna Zaid ibn Thabit (RA) says:
“Whenever new verses of the Quran were revealed, the Prophet (PBUH) would instruct me to write them down. After that, I would recite them to him, and if any corrections were needed, He would make them. Then I would present the written text to the people. Whatever was written was kept in the Prophet’s house. During that time, the Quran was not written on paper or in a formal manuscript but was recorded on various materials such as stone tablets, pieces of leather, tree bark, and flat bones”.
[Mawahib al-‘Irfan by Zarqani: 239]
Scribes of Revelation (Companions Who Wrote the Quran)
The task of writing down the revelation was also carried out by other Companions. Among the followers who wrote the Quran first time, the most famous are Abu Bakr, Umar Farooq, Uthman, Ali, Abdullah ibn Abi Sarh, Zubair ibn al-Awwam, Khalid ibn Sa’id ibn al-As, Aban ibn Sa’id ibn al-As, Khalid ibn al-Walid, Muawiya, Mughira ibn Shu’ba, Amr ibn al-As, Amir ibn Fuhaira, and Abdullah ibn Rawaha (may Allah be pleased with them). [Zad al-Ma’ad by Ibn al-Qayyim 1/30]
Preserving the Copies of the Quran
During the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), there was one copy of the Quran that was with Him. In addition, the Companions also prepared their own copies. Among the Companions who wrote the Quran in their own written manuscripts and preserved it were Abdullah ibn Mas’ud, Ali, Aisha, Ubayy ibn Ka’b, Uthman ibn Affan, Tamim al-Dari, Abu al-Darda, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, Abdullah ibn Umar, Ubadah ibn al-Samit, and Zaid ibn Thabit (may Allah be pleased with them).
The Prophet (PBUH) instructed the Companions, who wrote the Quran, to avoid taking the Quran to enemy territories. Furthermore, He (PBUH) also prohibited writing anything other than the Quran on these manuscripts. [Sahih Bukhari 1/409]
Arrangement of Verses in Chapters
The arrangement of the verses in a specific chapter (surah) was according to a prescribed order. In His recitation during the congregational prayers, the Prophet (PBUH) typically adhered to this order. Even the writing of “Bismillah” before the surahs was done by the Prophet’s instruction. In this way Prophet (PBUH) was the first person who compiled the Quran.
Second Period: Compilation of the Qur’an during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr
The Quran was compiled into a single manuscript during the caliphate of Abu Bakr (RA). This compilation was limited to the writing aspect, in that each surah’s verses were arranged in one manuscript. These manuscripts were then compiled together, although the order of the surahs was not established at that time.
During the caliphate of Abu Bakr (RA), the compilation of the Quran was undertaken following the Battle of Yamamah. Zaid ibn Thabit (RA) recounts the details of this compilation:
After the Battle of Yamamah in 12 AH, Abu Bakr (RA) summoned Zaid ibn Thabit (RA) and asked him to meet with him and Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA). Abu Bakr (RA) shared his concern that, following the deaths of seventy Huffaz (memorizers) in the battle, the Quran might be lost if such losses continued. Therefore, he proposed compiling the Quran into a single collection.
Initially, Zaid ibn Thabit (RA) questioned the need to undertake a task that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had not done. However, Umar (RA) insisted that it was a necessary measure. Eventually, Zaid ibn Thabit (RA) agreed with their reasoning, and Abu Bakr (RA) instructed him to gather and compile the Quran.
Zaid ibn Thabit (RA) describes the difficulty of the task, stating that it would have been easier to move a mountain than to compile the Quran. Nevertheless, he complied with the directive and began to collect the Quranic verses from various sources, including date palm fronds, stone tablets, and the memories of people.
The compiled manuscript remained with Abu Bakr (RA) until his death. Afterward, it was preserved by Ummul Mu’mineen Hafsa bint Umar (RA). Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was the second person who compiled the Quran.
Third Period: Uniformity of Quranic Manuscript during the Caliphate of Uthman
In the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (RA), the Quran was compiled for the third time. This compilation aimed to standardize the Quranic text into a single, uniform script. The objective was to consolidate the Quran into one complete manuscript, ensuring that all verses and surahs were correctly and consistently arranged.
During this period, numerous manuscripts were reviewed and collected to create a standardized version. This effort was focused on preserving the Quran’s integrity and facilitating its recitation and memorization across the growing Muslim community. The final compilation, known as the Uthmani script, became the authoritative text, eliminating discrepancies in the written form and ensuring a uniform reading experience for all Muslims.
Fourth Period: The Dots and Diacritical Marks
Early copies and writings of the Quran did not include dots and diacritics according to the old Arabic script. People could understand the pronunciation of words without these marks and thus recite the Quran. However, as non-Arabic speakers increasingly embraced Islam and found it difficult to read the Quran without diacritics and dots, the process of adding them began.
It was initially undertaken by Abu al-Aswad al-Du’ali, who introduced the use of dots and diacritics in the Quran. Later, under the command of Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, three scholars—Hassan al-Basri, Yahya ibn Ya’mar, and Nasr ibn Asim completed this important work. (Adapted from Uloom al-Quran” by Mufti Taqi Usmani)
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Quran is a divine revelation from Allah, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) over 23 years through the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel). While the Quran was written down during the Prophet’s lifetime by scribes under his supervision, it was later compiled into a single volume during the caliphates of Abu Bakr (RA) and Uthman (RA) to preserve its authenticity and ensure uniformity.
The careful preservation, memorization, and compilation of the Quran, first during the lifetime of the Prophet and later by his companions, reflects the meticulous efforts made to protect this sacred text for future generations.
Today, Muslims around the world continue to learn and recite the Quran, relying on this historical preservation to guide their faith and practice.
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Pump: A gasoline pump produces a vacuum that pulls the fuel from an unpressurized tank, then delivers it to the carburetor.
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The curiosity rates range based on the form of working capital mortgage you decide, whether secured or unsecured.
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Kenneth J. Adams and Donald R. Van Deventer (1994).”Fitting Yield Curves and Forward Rate Curves With Maximum Smoothness”.
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Compassion – Interference to The Ancestor Cell.
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Alderman Cuthbert Lowell Ackroyd, Lord Mayor of London.
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Another variation has players inform two truths and a dream wish.
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Others dabble in buy-one-get-one here and there with journeys to the warehouse club for inventory loads of diapers or rest room paper.
Over the subsequent twenty years, he would give you the aforementioned merchandise and ultimately serve as Nintendo’s basic supervisor.
A dividend payment short term always decreases the value of shares after the payment, so, for stocks with regularly scheduled dividends, on the day shares go ex-dividend, call option holders always lose whereas put option holders benefit.
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A member of Wheatridge Grange and the Democratic Get together.
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In addition, the in depth exposure will assist one to look globally and act domestically by driving strategies working in International markets and might be applicable in the home market.
These experts provide jurors with knowledge about the complexities of human memory, potential memory distortions, and factors that can impact the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies.
Matthias Opdenhövel hosts the show, with Alexander Klaws and Steven Gätjen serving as panelists.
If you start out, measure your food until you’ve learned to judge portion sizes accurately.
Layers will create the right form to accentuate your hair texture.
Cadillacs had normally provided good pace, however only in a straight line.
The automobiles are based on the GT40 of the 1960s.
The return on investment of previous ventures informs what is to come.
The large question which arises within the thoughts of each and every trader or investor is that, tips on how to deal with the market when it by no means stops moving.
Offenburgstraße and Hornusstraße. The old loop at Komturplatz turned a hindrance to visitors because of the cramped scenario.
The incumbent telephone firm is AT&T Inc.
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Online savings accounts link to traditional or online checking accounts.
Excessive consumption can increase your heart rate and blood pressure and cause insomnia and anxiety.
To maintain your nails wanting good, keep your cuticles wholesome and in form.
The highest 6 of the most effective 13 Sneakers, Sneakers, Boots & Luxury Footwear Of 2013 after the Leap…
It has astrological powers of safety against evil and imparting wisdom, information, and honor in life.
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There are basically two sorts of skilled weather stations: modular and all-in-one designs.
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It represents the sum of a brand’s market shares in all segments in which it competes, weighted by each segment’s proportion of that brand’s total sales.
The Reverend Laurence William Mathews, TD (88478), Chaplain to the Forces, Second Class, Royal Military Chaplains’ Division.
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Such a person will also at times be required to give advice and suggestions based on the current market trends and certain economic principles and the company’s previous records about whether a particular deal has to be undertaken or not.
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This failed, and Lawrence died at Mount Vernon the following year.
Why Did Billie Piper’s Rose Tyler Leave Physician Who?
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Morrison, Angus (February 3, 2016).
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Many of the extra common themes have been given names by problemists (see chess problem terminology for an inventory).
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Others have defined the fundamental concepts underpinning free software program and its significance better than I can, so I won’t go into element.
While these markets might be played with ETF’s, there are a number of key shares that have to be purchased using offshore investing homes.
The loneliest feeling in the whole of a carrier pilot’s world is when he’s at sea with the gasoline working low, and he cannot see his carrier.
Gold bars are sold by reputable gold dealers in many different denominations.
This theme is popular for weddings held through the winter months.
Buyers could also be wise to invest in firms that they can find out about as a substitute of sticking solely with the tried and true of what they supposedly “know.”Exploring various approaches equivalent to learning basic technical evaluation and following latest IPOs will assist broaden traders’ horizons.
She was preceded in demise by her husband, Gene Cravin; daughter, Cheryl Ann Cravin; and sister, Hurk Lee Micheaux.
If this is the case, you may want to have your own water quality test done.
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The simple design and use of pure colors on this bathroom keeps it spare yet luxurious.
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It’s the most commonly recognized stock market index.
Better Search. More actual testing of the search and try out extra of the search strategies common in chess.
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Balanced investment strategy support both beginners and experienced investors and can be an option for monthly earnings for living.
First in Europe, though Germany had adopted many components of inflation concentrating on earlier.
Postal Historical past Symposium: Oct 23-24.
Real estate called leasehold estate is actually a rental of real property such as an apartment, and leases (rental contracts) cover such rentals since they typically do not result in recordable deeds.
Funeral services can be held at 10 a.m.
They make money by charging interest on loans, collecting account fees and reinvesting all that money to earn more profit.
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Neal Morse (born August 2, 1960) is an American singer, musician and composer primarily based in Nashville, Tennessee.
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Providers might be held Wednesday, April 21 at 1 p.m.
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This explains the rise of UNATCO – word that one step in making the United States undergo UNATCO’s will was the destruction of the Statue of Liberty, seen at first of the game (in all its low-framerate glory).
In 2016, French actor Augustin Legrand became the new Most Interesting Man in the World.
First, let’s take a look at data centers.
Form a general point of view investment controlling adds to the visibility, transparency and credibility of any asset management company.
The pandemic shuttered some in-particular person, big-money fundraisers in 2020, which damage.
McDowell, Garrett (November 5, 2021).
Nonetheless, the Republic and the Sith Empire forces quickly teamed as much as struggle towards Malgus’ Empire and managed to trace him all the way down to his secret base, where they defeated him.
The cakes are carrot and peach, but also torta della nonna, a Tuscan cheese tart, and torta caprese, a chocolate and nut cake that was born on the island of Capri.
Do keep away from opening new account earlier than making a serious buy, however, as your credit score is affected ever so slightly each time one is opened.
Look round you, there are literally thousands of faculties, churches, business etc.
Recently the lead developer of Monero, Riccardo Spagni commented that Monero was designed as a privacy-preserving currency.
This web page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 19:43 (UTC).
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The expansion of the National Hockey League brought the Nashville Predators to Nashville in 1998.
But they don’t. The only “drunk” trait coffee can counteract is the tired, foggy feeling.
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